Various attempts have been made over the past several decades to simulate the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The University of Massachusetts at Amherst and the University of California at Davis are among the schools conducting research on modeling of the human GI tract, and TNO Quality of Life (www.tno.nl) in the Netherlands and the Institute for Food Research (www.ifr.ac.uk) in the United Kingdom are among the research groups that have developed commercially available artificial GI tracts.
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