Even in the 21st century, iron deficiency remains a global public health challenge. According to the World Health Organization, iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. Statistics indicate that 2 billion people—over 30% of the population—are anemic, many due to iron deficiency (WHO, 2013).

Iron deficiency contributes to multiple co-morbidities including chronic heart failure (Klip et al., 2013), inflammatory disease (Parikh et al., 2011), an…

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