The intersection of personalized nutrition and the human microbiome represents an exciting new science. Within this emerging and complex arena, the human microbiome and the impact of dietary components has been the target of approximately 4,000 publications over the past four decades. The field of paleomicrobiology recently reported—based on findings from frozen and mummified human remains as well as desiccated feces and dental calculus—that the ancient microbiome provides an interes…