Foodborne illnesses represent a significant public health challenge in the United States and the world. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), each year there are 47.8 million cases of foodborne illnesses causing 128,000 hospitalizations, 3,030 deaths, and $78 billion in costs (including costs attributed to premature deaths, medical expenses, and loss of productivity). Unspecified pathogens cause 80% of foodborne illnesses, and known pathogens (21 bacteria, five …