SCOTT A. CLEMENT, JAIRO A. PATERNINA GONZALEZ,

CARRIE E. HARTFORD

Handling solids is an integral part of many food manufacturing processes. Whether the end product is a solid or liquid, chances are good that powdered or granular materials are handled at some point in the process. Unfortunately, chances are also good that this part of the process does not operate optimally. The problems with handling solids can have a significant impact on product quality. One such problem is product degradation.Storage vessels such as silos are often plagued with problems related to bulk solids flow.

Degradation is the undesirable change of a product or ingredient. …


Figure 1. The two flow patterns that can occur in a storage vessel are funnel flow and mass flow.


Figure 3. Sample plot of wall friction test results.

Figure 4. An example of a design chart for conical hoppers.


Figure 5. Two flow obstructions that can occur are a cohesive arch and a stable rathole.



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