Exploring Satiety Signals

Regulation of food intake is a complex system that involves numerous physiological signals or hormones from the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. The hypothalamus and brainstem are principal targets of gastrointestinal signals—either directly or via the vagus nerve. Examples of these signals include peptide YY_3-36, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and cholesystokinin (Chaudhri et al., 2008). Within the hypothalamus, these signals inhibit or increase food intake. Communication between …