How Coffee Affects Health

Coffee is the second most consumed beverage in the United States behind water, and it is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide (O’Keefe et al. 2013). Over the past several decades, researchers have studied the effects of coffee consumption on cardiovascular health because even small effects may have a significant impact on public health given the beverage’s popularity. Previous studies have yielded mixed results as to whether coffee consumption is beneficial or harmful …